Archive: 2025/12

Multiple System Atrophy is a rare, aggressive neurodegenerative disorder with parkinsonian features and severe autonomic failure. Unlike Parkinson’s, it progresses rapidly, responds poorly to treatment, and has a median survival of 6-10 years.

Most medications pass into breast milk in tiny amounts, and nearly all are safe for babies. Learn how drugs move into milk, which ones to watch for, and how to keep breastfeeding while taking necessary medicines.

Cyclosporine is a life-saving immunosuppressant, but its interaction with the CYP3A4 enzyme can cause dangerous drug buildups. Learn which medications are risky, how to prevent toxicity, and what to do if you're taking it after a transplant.

Idiosyncratic drug reactions are rare, unpredictable side effects that can be life-threatening. Learn what causes them, which drugs trigger them, how they're diagnosed, and what you can do to stay safe.

Learn how to safely reduce opioid use with a step-by-step guide to minimize withdrawal symptoms, avoid overdose risks, and improve long-term health. Evidence-based strategies for patients and providers.