Albuterol: what it does and how to use it safely

Albuterol (salbutamol in some countries) is the most common rescue medicine for sudden breathing trouble from asthma, COPD, or bronchospasm. It opens your airways fast so you can breathe easier within minutes. If you keep one thing on hand for acute wheeze or tightness, this is usually it.

How to use Albuterol

Most people know albuterol as a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) — the small rescue inhaler with a mouthpiece. The usual quick-relief dose for adults and older children is 1–2 puffs (each puff is commonly 90 mcg) every 4–6 hours as needed. For nebulizer treatment, a typical adult dose is 2.5 mg in saline via nebulizer every 4–6 hours. Always follow the dose your doctor prescribes; kids and people with heart problems may need different dosing.

Practical tips: shake the inhaler before each use, breathe out fully, seal your lips around the mouthpiece, press once and inhale slowly, hold your breath for 5–10 seconds, then breathe out. If you need a spacer, use it — spacers improve delivery and reduce throat irritation. If your inhaler hasn’t been used for a while, prime it per the instructions (usually one or two test sprays).

Side effects, warnings, and when to get help

Common side effects are tremor (hands shaking), a fast heartbeat, nervousness, headache, and throat irritation. These usually pass quickly. Less common but serious signs include chest pain, fainting, severe dizziness, or worsening breathing after use. If your rescue inhaler doesn’t help within 15 minutes or you need it more often than usual, seek emergency care.

Be cautious if you take beta-blockers, certain antidepressants, or have heart disease. Tell your prescriber about other medicines and health issues. Pregnant or breastfeeding? Talk to your doctor — albuterol is used in pregnancy when needed, but your provider will weigh risks and benefits.

Store inhalers at room temperature, away from heat and direct sunlight. Check the expiration date and the dose counter if available. Carry your rescue inhaler whenever you exercise or travel if you have asthma.

Shortages happen. If you can’t get your usual inhaler, don’t stop treatment suddenly. Ask your pharmacist or doctor about alternatives, like different-brand albuterol inhalers, generic options, or short courses with a nebulizer solution until supply returns. Our article “Best Albuterol Alternatives During Inhaler Shortages” covers safe options and emergency tips.

Want deeper reading? Check these related guides on Pharmstore.com: a hands-on piece about inhaler alternatives during shortages, practical advice on buying respiratory meds safely online, and patient-friendly articles on managing asthma and COPD. If you’re unsure about your symptoms or medication, call your healthcare provider — and keep a rescue inhaler within reach.